The grid factor behind electric rail.

Values are grams CO₂e per kilowatt-hour and are labelled as production-based in Farleda's dataset. Rail conversion multiplies them by 0.09 kWh per passenger-kilometre. That energy-use value is a Farleda modelling assumption for electric intercity rail, not a measured value for every train, operator or load factor.

For an electric-rail leg with a timetable departure, Farleda samples a 24-hour profile for the departure hour in UTC. With an electricityMaps key, that profile is built from the provider's recent history. Without it, Farleda applies a country-specific modelled daily shape around the annual fallback and labels the result hourly-modelled — it is not presented as observation data.

For cross-border legs, the current implementation averages the two endpoint-country values. It does not yet weight the factor by kilometres travelled in each country. A leg without the inputs needed for the hourly calculation falls back to the current electricityMaps value when configured, otherwise to the annual snapshot. electricityMaps consumption-based lifecycle values and Farleda's production-based annual snapshot use different accounting bases and should not be compared as if they were the same series. Full limits are documented on the methodology page, and every upstream source, licence and version is listed in the data inventory.